英语中的五种副词
副词是八大词类之一，用来修饰动词。它们可以描述如何、何时、何地以及做某件事的频率。下面是五种副词的用法指南。
Adverbs of Manner
方式副词提供某人如何做某事的信息。方式副词最常与行为动词连用。态度副词包括: slowly, fast, carefully, carelessly, effortlessly, urgently等。方式副词可以放在句末，也可以直接放在动词的前面或后面。
Examples
- Jack drives very carefully.
- He won the tennis match effortlessly.
- She slowly opened the present.
Adverbs of Time and Frequency
时间副词提供某事发生的时间信息。时间副词可以表示一个特定的时间，如在two days ago、yesterday、three weeks ago等。时间副词通常放在句末，但有时也放在句首。
Examples
- We’ll let you know our decision next week.
- I flew to Dallas three weeks ago.
- Yesterday, I received a letter from my friend in Belfast.
频率副词与时间副词相似，不同之处在于它们表示某事发生的频率。频率副词放在主动动词之前。它们被放在动词be后面。下面是最常见的频率副词的列表，从最频繁到最不频繁:
- always
- almost always
- usually
- often
- sometimes
- occasionally
- seldom
- rarely
- almost never
- never
Examples
- He seldom takes a vacation.
- Jennifer occasionally goes to the movies.
- Tom is never late for work.
Adverbs of Degree
程度副词提供关于某事完成程度的信息。这些副词常放在句末。
Examples
- They like playing golf a lot.
- She decided that she doesn’t enjoy watching TV at all.
- She nearly flew to Boston, but decided not to go in the end.
Adverbs of Place
地点副词告诉我们某事发生在哪里。它们包括诸如 nowhere, anywhere, outside, everywhere等。
Examples
- Tom will go anywhere with his dog.
- You’ll find that there is nowhere like home.
- She found the box outside.
构成
副词通常是在形容词后面加“-ly”构成的。
- quiet – quietly, careful – carefully, careless – carelessly
以’-le’ 结尾的形容词变成’-ly’.
- possible – possibly, probable – probably, incredible – incredibly
以’-y’ 结尾的形容词变成 ‘-ily’.
- lucky – luckily, happy – happily, angry – angrily
以’-ic’结尾的形容词变成’-ically’.
- basic – basically, ironic – ironically, scientific – scientifically
有些形容词变成副词不规则
- good – well, hard – hard, fast -fast
句中的位置
Adverbs of Manner: 方式副词放在动词或整个表达之后(在句末)。
- Their teacher speaks quickly.
Adverbs of Time: 时间副词放在动词或整个表达的后面(在句末)。
She visited her friends last year.
Adverbs of Frequency: 频率副词放在主要动词(而不是助动词)之前。
He often goes to bed late. Do you sometimes get up early?
Adverbs of Degree: 程度副词放在动词或整个表达之后(在句末)。
She’ll attend the meeting as well.
Adverbs of place: 地点副词一般放在句末。
- She walked out of the room to nowhere.
一些例外
有些副词放在句首以加强语气.
- Now you tell me you can’t come!
频率副词作为句子的主要动词时，放在动词“to be”后面。
- Jack is often late for work.
有些频率副词(sometimes, usually, normally)也放在句首以强调。
- Sometimes I visit my friends in London.
